Text-Messaging and Orality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Text-Messaging and Orality - Essay Example The cell phone is perhaps the single most ubiquitous feature of communication technology and according to the CTIA over 82% of Americans own one. Its ubiquity is not only due to its overwhelming ownership but by its very nature considering that neither a computer nor a land-line phone can be carried and used so easily. This facile manipulation of technology hints at McLuhan's comment. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of those cell phones have text-messaging capability. Text messaging as a phenomenon has gained attention from academics and critics primarily because of the proclivity of its users to employ "creative" grammatical and linguistic constructions. Its harshest critics claim that it will, or already has, led to a corruption of language. Indeed its pliable and dynamic structure does allow a manipulation of formal grammatical and linguistic rules that would be difficult to parse in formal essays, such as this one; its function in a civilization that has long been inscribed b y writing fulfills a much different role than essays, or letters- though its effect on language might be inedible and perceived even in those forms. Text-messaging and related channels represent a syncretism between oral and written forms of communication, and while it lacks the formal purity of traditional written forms of communication, it maintains its own separate aesthetic and poetic qualities that emphasize a heavy reliance on context, mnemonic deployment, and efficiency. By analyzing the physical nature, functional and literary features of text-messaging the oral features of text-messaging will be revealed, understanding of course that in the final analysis its essence as a textual form of communication in a hypertextual society remains regnant. In attempting to outline the structural features of text-messaging and related conduits of communication such as instant messaging, it will be juxtaposed to the features of orality that are relevant. Consider Edouard Glissant's quote, "Oralityis inseparable from the body in movement" (MacNeil, 2007). We understand text and the printed word to be primarily outside the body, distinct from the body and its author. Spoken word or talk is understood to be generated from within the body and indistinct from the author. Text-messaging straddles this interior/exterior boundary. The device on which one types or texts undeniably lies outside the body, its reception as well is mediated by a device outside the person. This is an important distinction as one of the salient features of oral communication is that it is received immediately and without explicit and conscious mediation, insofar that the reverberation of sound, the movement of air is not interpreted into words or speech until it is we ll into the ear canal, and though we recognize the source of the sound, its compilation occurs internally (Ong, 1982, pp. 32-33). To some degree this is quite different from the structure of text-messaging, insofar like other textual forms of communication, it is understood that the interpretation occurs on the page, in the visual field. However, in considering the intimate and tight connection between text-message and text-messenger there remains some features of the bodily coextension of orality. The cell phone's mobility and sizes bridges the communication barrier imposed by other devices, such as computers, telephones, even paper. Someone can interact with and use their cell

The end of the Odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The end of the Odyssey - Essay Example There are various theories, criticisms, interpretations, and opinions on the ending of Homers epic poem, The Odyssey. Some have unique theories such as the solar eclipse theory, others are historically possible, as if the oral tradition and the lost scrolls, while some are theoretical that leave the audience with an immortal image of the text. In this easy, we will have a critical review of the ending of the epic chronicle. At the end of the chronicle of The Odyssey, the author, Homer refers to the occurrence of the total eclipse. The core phrase that by the then seer, Theoclymenus, depicts a foresight of the death of untamed and unruly men who had sought the hand in marriage of Penelope at the time Odysseus was at war. The seer makes reference the sun obliteration from the sky, with a cloud of bad luck invading the whole world (Homer & Lattimore, 1967). This idea is symbolic of the occurrence of a total eclipse, a situation where the moon blocks the sunrays. Although, this is not new it was up to the early years of the 1920 that astronomers were able to calculate the occurrence of such an eclipse over Greece. The eclipse had a possibility of occurrence in the month of April in the year 1178 BC (Homer & Lattimore, 1967). However, many individuals are convinced that the passage that has a reference of the solar eclipse is just but a mere mythical total solar eclipse. This argument supports the claims a poetic license as the Odyssey was written by Homer several centuries after the said events had taken place. On the other side, many modern scholars and critics are convinced by the possibility of the April 1178 BC solar eclipse occurrence (Bloom, 1988). This claim is supported by other passages in then poem that have a reference to other four independent astronomical events that occur independently to each other. Instead of just having a historical view of the occurrence of a solar eclipse, several astronomers have investigated the timing

The 21st Century School Librarian Essay -- Education

The 21st Century school librarian is no longer just the caretaker of the book collection. Technology is transforming the education system and the way children are taught. This paper discusses the many roles and issues that the teacher-librarian plays in creating a flexible 21st Century learning environment. 21ST Century School Library Media Specialist The roles discussed in the articles written by school librarians Mashriqi (2011), Ballard (2008), and Marcoux (2010) were similar in strategies needed for running an effective media center today. The common theme was the importance in being able to evaluate what will help the school meet the needs of todays learners and to connect the curriculum with â€Å"hands-on† learning experiences. By demonstrating knowledge and current technological skills the media specialist connects the library with teachers, students, administration and parents with information and resources to promote literacy. Technology integration is accomplished by using resources that reflect content standards. To focus on the relationship between education technology and student learning engaging games is one way to achieve the goals with positive results. Digital Tools Todays’ school library media specialist applies trends related to the use of technology in education to support integration throughout the curriculum. Being literate in the 21st Century involves teaching both â€Å"traditional† literacy and how to read and produce the kinds of texts typical of the emerging information and multimedia age. Benthem (2010) points out that to have an effective school library program it needs to be an ongoing work in progress. Literacy development does impact student learning through the use of digital technologies, includ... ...upport emergent literacy skill development for young children at-risk or who have disabilities. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36(3), 233-239. Peterson, J. (2011). Finding focus: Using digital cameras in library programming. Children & Libraries: The Journal of the Association for Library Service to Children, 9(3), 48-51. Poinier, S., & Alevy, J. (2010). Our instruction does matter! Data collected from students' works cited speaks volumes. Teacher Librarian, 37(3), 38-39. Sugar, W., & Holloman, H. (2009). Technology leaders wanted: Acknowledging the leadership role of a technology coordinator. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 53(6), 66-75. Zabel, D., & Hickey, D. (2011). The reuse evangelist: Taking ownership of copyright questions at your library. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 51(1), 9-11.

Organizational change Essay

Organizational change is everywhere, and its pace is increasing. Its objectives or why it is important is because after certain years of existence and evaluations there are areas and aspects in the organization that needs to be improved. Taking for example its quality of work life, at a certain point it needs to be elevated from where it was before. It can happen that during hiring time people are designated to wrong positions. Organizational change will enable the company to put the right people in the right place, to make them better people as their efficiency and utility will be to the maximum. In this way the company can adjust salary scale on the basis of the performance or output of employees. In the same way also in terms of personnel management, it can be an occasion for studying more specific positions for possible promotion or for trimming down extra baggage. Competition is so tight and for a company to meet the demands of the market an organizational change is important to have a higher quality of productivity and to improve certain strategies as to be in tune with the times. Technology comes and after sometimes new innovations are on the line again, to remain in ones business beliefs and practices the company will be left behind. Organizational change is important as it seeks to enhance its beliefs, values, attitudes, also its structures so that the organization can better adapt to competitive actions, technological advances, and the past pace of other changes in the business world. Another necessity for organizational change is brought about by some failures in the past in the training and orientation of the employees. The attempt to bring them to work without being able to let them carry or support the vision and failure to let the employees see that they are the central element of the organization brings poor result. Organizational change therefore is crucial to allow interplay of structure, technology and people working in it, to result to a higher quality of work life, adaptivity, effectiveness, better marketing strategies, and excellent productivity.

Racial Violence, By Jacob Lawrence s Migration Series

Emmett Till was just a fourteen year old boy in 1955 when his life was viciously take from him. He had reportedly flirted with a white woman while visiting his relative in Mississippi. His attackers took him out of his family’s home in the middle of the night, and tortured him and then eventually disposed of his body in the Tallahatchie River. After his body was discovered, his mother insisted that his body be sent home to Chicago in order for the family to bury him. At his funeral, his mother had an open casket so everyone could see what had happened to her poor boy. Racial violence, as expressed through music, imaging, and poems, is a problem that continues even today and reflects America’s challenging history with slavery and segregation. Not only is racial violence shown throughout history in music, but also throughout â€Å"Jacob Lawrence’s Migration Series. The Migration series is a collection of paintings, photographs, poems, songs, and information about what the African Americans went through as they tried to find their new place in society as freedmen and women. Panel 50 depicts a painting a white man going after an African American with a weapon, while the African American is also going after someone with a weapon except he is going after a white man, who also has a weapon. This is a scene from one of the racial riots that went on after World War I. The white men were angry with the African Americans because they were taking the jobs of the white men, while the whiteShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance And American History1217 Words   |  5 Pagesof art could be a reflection of a persons emotions or a time period by using naturalism, idealism, or abstract themes. During the 1920’s, an era known as the Harlem Renaissance defined black culture and changed entertainment around the world. The black community used art such as music, literature, and paintings to express social freedom. Artist such as Jacob Lawrence, Langston Hughes, and Duke Ellington used their art as a form of therapy and communication to share the life of an African American inRead MoreJacob Lawrence s Influence On African American History879 Words   |  4 Pagesmovements the renaissance, civil rights, and the black lives matter movements that we have focused on. Our artist come from different eras but have at least one similarity which is the attention on black art. Jacob Lawrence he might be one of the most influential African American artist. Jacob Lawrence focused on illustrating African American history through his colorful narrative paintings, therefore making him an artist and also a storyteller. Affected by the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930sRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Blues For Mister Charlie 2119 Words   |  9 PagesJames Baldwin in his play â€Å"Blues for Mister Charlie† describes the racial hatred between the white town and the black town. The play concerns with Richard, a black man who returns to the South with a gun to recover from drug addiction and start a new life. Richard carries a gun with him as he returns, but he passes the gun to his father voluntarily. At the end, Richard was killed by a white man named Lyle for his provocative behavior. Why is Richard carrying a gun and why did he gives it to MeridianRead MoreBibliographic Essay on African American History6221 Words   |  25 PagesBedford Bo oks of St. Martin s Press, 1995). Questions regarding the veracity of Equiano’s richly detailed book, which is not at variance with others on the subject, surfaced soon after it appeared in 1787. Vincent Carretta’s â€Å"Olaudah Equino or Gustavus Vassa? New Light on an Eighteenth-Century Question of Identity,† Slavery and Abolition 20 (December 1999): 96-103, delivers a succinct discussion of the matter. An overview of other narratives appears in Jerome S. Handler, â€Å"Survivors ofRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesthe trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United States. As the manager of an electric company and owner of a ranch and mines, Jim expressed contempt for black Americans who continued to submit to segregation and live in poverty. Langston Hughes, 1933 (Library of Congress) Read MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesBeck Associate Marketing Manager: Jaime Halteman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Buyer: Kara Kudronowicz Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Studio Montage, St. Louis, Missouri Cover Images: Top to bottom,  © Mark Downey/Getty Images; Jacobs Stock Photography/Getty Images;  © Goodshoot/PunchStock Media Project Manager: Balaji Sundararaman Compositor: Aptara ®, Inc. Typeface: 10/12 Times Roman Printer: Quad/Graphics All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to

Learn About Indias Seven Union Territories

India is the worlds second most populous country in the world and the country occupies most of the Indian subcontinent in southern Asia. It is the worlds largest democracy and is considered a developing nation. India is a federal republic and is broken down into 28 states and seven union territories. Indias 28 states have their own elected governments for local administration whereas the union territories are administrative divisions which are controlled directly by the federal government by an administrator or lieutenant-governor who is appointed by the President of India. The following is a list of Indias seven union territories organized by land area. Population numbers have been included for reference as have capitals for the territories which have one. Indias Union Territories 1) Andaman and Nicobar Islands†¢ Area: 3,185 square miles (8,249 sq km)†¢ Capital: Port Blair†¢ Population: 356,152 2) Delhi†¢ Area: 572 square miles (1,483 sq km)†¢ Capital: none†¢ Population: 13,850,507 3) Dadra and Nagar Haveli†¢ Area: 190 square miles (491 sq km)†¢ Capital: Silvassa†¢ Population: 220,490 4) Puducherry†¢ Area: 185 square miles (479 sq km)†¢ Capital: Puducherry†¢ Population: 974,345 5) Chandigarh†¢ Area: 44 square miles (114 sq km)†¢ Capital: Chandigarh†¢ Population: 900,635 6) Daman and Diu†¢ Area: 43 square miles (112 sq km)†¢ Capital: Daman†¢ Population: 158,204 7) Lakshadweep†¢ Area: 12 square miles (32 sq km)†¢ Capital: Kavaratti†¢ Population: 60,650 Reference Wikipedia. (7 June 2010). States and Territories of India - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India

Critical Thinking Concepts Tools - 987 Words

Fear, anger, and stress were just some of the emotions swirling around the Gaza strip settlements on the 17 August 2005 . On this date, Israel began pulling its settlers out of this territory. At the center of this one Israeli commander, BG Gershon Hacohen had the mission to remove his countrymen from their homes . BG Hacohen’s greatest two challenges in his thinking to successfully carry out this mission from the elements of thought are point of view and assumptions through the scrutiny of the universal intellectual standard. These two were the greatest test because the decision was unpopular, the religious nature of the population, and the history in the region. In Richard Paul and Linda Elder’s book Critical Thinking Concepts Tools the elements of thought and the universal intellectual standard laid out. The first of these elements of thought, point of view, focuses on his perspective and frame of reference . The second element of thought, assumptions, goes after what information he took for granted in thinking about the planning and execution process . To critical look at problems, critical thinkers use the universal intellectual standards which are: clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, logic, and fairness. Even though sixty percent of Israelis agreed with the decision to remove their people out of the territories, the settlers living there viewed this as an overwhelming unpopular decision . He could have disregarded the point of viewShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking And Clinical Reasoning1163 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are terms often used interchangeably throughout the history of nursing. However, they are not the same, and distinguishing the difference amongst them is important. 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The Genovus leadership team needs to decide what information technology options will streamline and simplify the work for the four-person business. This paper reviews two decision making tools, mind mapping and decision tree analysis, and how these two tools may help the Genovus leadership team determine the toolsets needed at this time. Mind mapping is a brainstorming tool. It enables the tool user to engage with concepts in at a deeperRead MoreEssay Harper1467 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Thinking as We See it In her 1999 work, Concepts and Tools in Critical Thinking, Linda Elder offers the following definition of critical thinking: â€Å"Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. People who think critically consistently attempt to live rationally, reasonably, and empathically. 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In order for nurses to deliver optimum care, they must developRead MoreTeaching Critical Thinking For Young Learners Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesshow how teaching critical thinking to young learners result in higher level critical thinking adults. Critical thinking children become critical thinking adults. Critical thinking, itself is a multi-faceted, multi-concept, multi-discipline process, that is skilled and accuracy-based. According to Paul, critical thinking involves an abundance of elements including clarity, relevancy, precision, and consistency. Critical thinking is fu ll of sub-categories, where processes and concepts differ on the accountRead MoreComputer Programming In Primary And Secondary Education.1114 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrated into school curriculum from kindergarten to grade 12. Today’s society is becoming more and more reliant on computer technology. It is a tool used everywhere and it is impotent to understand how it works in our daily lives. Therefore, computer programming is a necessary skill for everyone to have. Learning this skill is important as it builds critical thinking and algorithmic problem solving skills. These are important life skills as they allow people to better contribute to society. This means thatRead MoreArgument Essay : Argument For Learning708 Words   |  3 PagesArgument in Learning Student University Argument in Learning Introduction Argument is an ability that requires a person to have deep and elaborate thinking. The ideas or opinions supported by concrete and powerful thinking skills. Through argument, one convinces woes or passes information across different platforms. It helps in problem solving of various natures and delivery of ideas and passing opinions. It is through argument platforms that we learn high order thinkers and people